Pharmaceutical Industries and Education in India
Learning objectives
At the end of this lecture, the student will be able to:
Explain the growth of pharmaceutical industries in India
Discuss the growth of pharmaceutical education in India
Pharmaceutical Industries and Education in India
The Indian Pharmaceutical Industry
The Indian pharmaceutical industry has grown from a mere $ 0.3 billion in 1980 to $12 billion in 2012.
Branded generics dominate the market, making up 70-80% of it.
The local companies enjoy a dominant position due to their development capabilities and early investment, as from 1970 to 2005, Indian law only recognized process patents and not product patents, which many companies took advantage of.
The price of drugs is very low, due to intense competition. While India is 10th globally in terms of value, it is 3rd in term of volume of drugs produced.
The Indian Set-Up
The Indian pharmaceutical sector is highly fragmented, with more than 20,000 registered companies, with the top 250 companies controlling 70% of the market. These companies can currently meet about 70% of the countries demands for drugs; this is mainly through the Maharashtra and Gujarat regions, which account for 45% of the total number of pharmaceutical manufacturing units in India.
SWOT Analysis of the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry
Strengths
Low-cost skilled manpower
Access to a large pool of highly trained scientists
Strong marketing and distribution network
Proven track record in the design of high-technology manufacturing devices
Low cost of innovation, manufacturing and operations
Weaknesses
Stringent pricing regulations
Poor transport and medical infrastructure
Lack of data protection
Competitive environment
Poor health insurance coverage
Production of low-quality drugs tarnishes the image of the industry abroad
Low investment in innovative R&D
Opportunities
Increase in per capita income
Global demand for generics rising
Increasing population with more inactive lifestyle
Increasing health insurance sector
Significant investment from MNCs
Medical tourism
Cheap, diverse clinical trials
Global outsourcing hub due to low cost of skilled labor
Threats
Other low cost countries affecting demand
Government regulations ever changing
Expanding of Drugs Price Control Order
Lack of investment in infrastructure
Wage inflation
R&D restricted by lack of animal testing and outdated patient office
Counterfeiting threat
Growth Factors for the Indian Market
Population Growth
Socio-Economic Changes and Urbanization
Increasing acceptability of modern medicine
More affordable drugs
More accessibility to drugs and medical care
Cheap production cost
Government regulations targeting growth and competitive market
Contract R&D
Medical Tourism
Key Players
| Company | Net Sales (30th July 2013 $Bn) | Employees |
| Cipla | 1.39 | 20,000 |
| Dr Reddy’s Laboratories | 1.14 | 16,300 |
| Ranbaxy Labs | 1.07 | 14,600 |
| Aurobindo Pharma | 0.92 | 8,635 |
| Lupin Ltd | 0.91 | 11,355 |
| Sun Pharma | 0.68 | 11,200 |
| Novartis India | 0.14 | 4,500 (115,000 Worldwide) |
International Players
| Company | Net Sales (2012 $ Bn) | Employees |
| Johnson & Johnson (USA) | 67.2 | 117,000 |
| Pfizer (USA) | 58.9 | 91,000 |
| Novartis (Switzerland) | 56.7 | 115,000 |
| Roche (Switzerland) | 47.8 | 80,000 |
| Merck (USA) | 47.3 | 86,000 |
| Sanofi (French) | 46.4 | 113,000 |
| GlaxoSmithKline (UK) | 39.9 | 97,000 |
Pharmacy Education
Early Pharmacy Education
1860 – Madras Medical College – Method of making up prescriptions and compounding – 2-year Diploma in Pharmacy
1937- Andhra University, Visakhapatnam
Compounder Courses in Bengal, Mumbai, UP
Modern Pharmacy Education
1934 – BHU, Varanasi – B.Pharm – Prof. M. L. Schroff – Father of Modern Pharmacy Education in India
Andhra University, Visakhapatnam
Nagpur University
Madras Medical College
Dept. of Chemical Technology, University of Bombay
Punjab University
BITS, Pilani
University of Saugar
Post Graduate Pharmacy Education
1940 – BHU, Varanasi – M.Pharm
Andhra University, Visakhapatnam
Nagpur University
Madras Medical College
Dept. of Chemical Technology, University of Bombay
Punjab University
BITS, Pilani
University of Saugar
S.M.S. Medical College Jaipur
L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad
Present Scenario in Pharmacy Education
D.PHARM
M.PHARM
PHARM.D
PHARM.D – POST BACCLAURATE
Ph.D
Regulatory Bodies in Pharmacy Education
Pharmacy Council of India (PCI)
All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)
Research Institutes
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
Ø Mohali
Ø Hyderabad
Ø Rae Bareilly
Ø Guwahati
Ø Ahmedabad
Ø Hajipur
Ø Kolkatta
Future institutes
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Visakhapatnam
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nagpur
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jhalawar
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Chhattisgarh
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram
Career Options for Pharmacists
Research & Development – Chemist/Chemical Engineer/Pharmacologist: In new drug discovery, Process development, F&D,Clinical Trials, Bioequivalence study,Toxicological study, analytical testing
Production & Manufacturing – Production &Analytical Chemist/Q.C.Chemist/Q.A.Officer
Marketing – Marketing Exec.- M.R. involve in pharma sales & supply.
Retail & Hospital Pharmacy – In dispensing & store magt.
Academic – Faculty in pharmacy institute involve in teaching, training & research
Regulatory – In Govt. &Private sector involve in DRA,IPR such as copy right, trademarks etc
Clinical Trials – Pharmacovigilance, drug safety associate, medical writing, medical coding
Summary
} The local companies enjoy a dominant position due to their development capabilities and early investment, as from 1970 to 2005, Indian law only recognized process patents and not product patents
} The price of drugs is very low, due to intense competition. While India is 10th globally in terms of value, it is 3rd in term of volume of drugs produced
} Population Growth
} Socio Economic Changes and Urbanization
} Increasing acceptability of modern medicine
} More affordably drugs
} More accessibility to drugs and medical care
} Cheap production cost
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