Pharmacy Practice – B. Pharma 7th Semester PDF Notes
Scope: In the changing scenario of pharmacy practice in India, for the successful practice of Hospital Pharmacy, the students are required to learn various skills like drug distribution, drug information, and therapeutic drug monitoring for improved patient care. In community pharmacy, students will be learning various skills such as dispensing drugs, and responding to minor ailments by providing suitable safe medication, and patient counseling for improved patient care in the community setup.
Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to
1. Know various drug distribution methods in a hospital
2. Appreciate the pharmacy stores’ management and inventory control
3. Monitor the drug therapy of the patient through medication chart review and clinical review
4. Obtain medication history interview and counsel the patients
5. Identify drug-related problems
6. Detect and assess adverse drug reactions
7. Interpret selected laboratory results (as monitoring parameters in therapeutics) of specific disease states
8. Know pharmaceutical care services
9. Do patient counseling in community pharmacy;
10. Appreciate the concept of rational drug therapy.
Pharmacy Practice Unit I:
a) Hospital and its organization
Definition, Classification of the hospital – Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary hospitals, Classification based on the clinical and non-clinical basis, Organization Structure of a Hospital, and Medical staff involved in the hospital and their functions.
b) Hospital pharmacy and its organization
Definition, functions of hospital pharmacy, Organization structure, Location, Layout, and staff requirements, and Responsibilities and functions of hospital pharmacists.
Classifications – Excessive pharmacological effects, secondary pharmacological effects, idiosyncrasy, allergic drug reactions, genetically determined toxicity, toxicity following the sudden withdrawal of drugs, Drug interaction- beneficial interactions, adverse interactions, and pharmacokinetic drug interactions, Methods for detecting drug interactions, spontaneous case reports and record linkage studies, and Adverse drug reaction reporting and management.
Code of ethics for Community Pharmacy
Organization and structure of retail and wholesale drug store, types and design, Legal requirements for establishment and maintenance of a drug store, Dispensing of proprietary products, maintenance of records of retail and wholesale drug store.
Pharmacy Practice Unit II:
a) Drug distribution system in a hospital
Dispensing of drugs to inpatients, types of drug distribution systems, charging policy and labeling, Dispensing of drugs to ambulatory patients, and Dispensing of controlled drugs.
Definition, contents of hospital formulary, Differentiation of hospital formulary and Drug list, preparation and revision, and addition and deletion of drug from hospital formulary.
c) Therapeutic drug monitoring
Need for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Factors to be considered during the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, and Indian scenario for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring.
Causes of medication non-adherence, pharmacist’s role in medication adherence, and monitoring of patient medication adherence.
e) Patient medication history interview
Need for the patient medication history interview, and medication interview forms.
f) Community pharmacy management
Financial, materials, staff, and infrastructure requirements.
Pharmacy Practice Unit III:
a) Pharmacy and therapeutic committee
Organization, functions, and Policies of the pharmacy and therapeutics committee in including drugs in formulary, inpatient and outpatient prescription, automatic stop order, and emergency drug list preparation.
Drug and Poison information center, Sources of drug information, Computerised services, and storage and retrieval of information.
Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in patient counseling, and Special cases that require the pharmacist
d) Education and training program in the hospital
Role of the pharmacist in the education and training program, Internal and external training program, Services to the nursing homes/clinics, Code of ethics for community pharmacy, and Role of pharmacist in the interdepartmental communication and community health education.
e) Prescribed medication order and communication skills
Prescribed medication order- interpretation and legal requirements, and Communication skills- communication with prescribers and patients.
Pharmacy Practice Unit IV:
a) Budget preparation and implementation
Budget preparation and implementation
Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of Clinical Pharmacy, functions and responsibilities of a clinical pharmacist,
Drug therapy monitoring – medication chart review, clinical review,
Ward round participation, Medication history, and Pharmaceutical care.
Dosing pattern and drug therapy based on Pharmacokinetic & disease patterns.
c) Over-the-counter (OTC) sales
Introduction and sale of over-the-counter, and rational use of common over-the-counter medications.
Pharmacy Practice Unit V:
a) Drug store management and inventory control
Organization of drug store, types of materials stocked and storage conditions, Purchase and inventory control: principles, purchase procedure, purchase order, procurement and stocking, Economic order quantity, Reorder quantity level, and Methods used for the analysis of the drug expenditure
b) Investigational use of drugs
Investigational use drug: Description, principles involved, classification, control, identification, the role of a hospital pharmacist, and advisory committee.
c) Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Tests
Blood chemistry, hematology, Dose Adjustment in renal impairment, urinalysis or renal function test, liver function test, pulmonary function test.
Pharmacy Practice 7th Semester PDF Notes
Pharmacy Practice Notes Recommended Books (Latest Edition):
1. Merchant S.H. and Dr. J.S.Quadry. A textbook of hospital pharmacy, 4th ed. Ahmadabad: B.S. Shah Prakakshan; 2001.
2. Parthasarathi G, Karin Nyfort-Hansen, Milap C Nahata. A textbook of Clinical Pharmacy Practice- essential concepts and Skills, 1st ed. Chennai: Orient Longman Private Limited; 2004.
3. William E. Hassan. Hospital pharmacy, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1986.
4. Tipnis Bajaj. Hospital Pharmacy, 1st ed. Maharashtra: Career Publications; 2008.
5. Scott LT. Basic skills in interpreting laboratory data, 4thed. American Society of Health System Pharmacists Inc; 2009.
6. Parmar N.S. Health Education and Community Pharmacy, 18th ed. India: CBS Publishers & Distributers; 2008.
Pharmacy Practice Journals:
1. Therapeutic drug monitoring. ISSN: 0163-4356
2. Journal of pharmacy practice. ISSN: 0974-8326
3. American Journal of health system pharmacy. ISSN: 1535-2900 (online)
4. Pharmacy Times (Monthly magazine)
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