Disorders of
Haemopoietic System
Objectives
At the end of this
lecture, student will be able to
• Discuss the disorders of haemopoietic system
Content
• Disorders of hemopoietic system
Disorders
of Haemopoietic System
Anemia
• Condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood
is reduced
• Characterized by
reduced numbers of RBCs or a decreased amount of hemoglobin in the blood
• The person feels fatigued and is intolerant of cold
(related to lack of oxygen needed for ATP and heat production)
• Skin appears pale
(low content of Hb)
Symptoms of Anaemia
• Pallor
• Fatigue
• Shortness of breath
• Tachycardia
• Headache
• Irritability
• Syncope
Types of Anaemia
• Iron deficiency
anemia – Inadequate absorption, excessive loss
• Megaloblastic
anemia – Inadequate intake of vitamin B or folic acid
• Hemorrhagic anemia
– Excessive loss of RBCs through bleeding
• Aplastic anemia –
Destruction of red bone marrow results in aplastic anemia
• Pernicious anemia –
Insufficient hemopoiesis – inability of the stomach to produce intrinsic factor
• Hemolytic anemia
– RBC plasma membranes rupture prematurely
– The released Hb may damage glomeruli
• Thalassemia
– Deficient synthesis of hemoglobin
– The RBCs are small (microcytic), pale (hypochromic), and
short-lived
Sickle-Cell Disease
•
Hb-S, an abnormal kind of hemoglobin
• When Hb-S gives up oxygen, it forms long, stiff, rod like
structures – bend the erythrocyte into sickle shape
• The sickled cells rupture easily
• Leads to some degree of anemia and mild jaundice
• May experience joint or bone pain, breathlessness, rapid
heart rate, abdominal pain, fever, and fatigue
Hemophilia
• Inherited deficiency of clotting
• Bleeding may occur spontaneously
• Oldest known hereditary bleeding disorder
• Sometimes referred to as the royal disease
Von
Willebrand Disease
• Most common hereditary coagulation abnormality
• Arises from a qualitative or quantitative deficiency of
von willebrand factor (vWF)
• vWF – A multimeric protein, required for platelet adhesion
Leukemia
• Group of red bone marrow cancer in which abnormal white
blood cells multiply uncontrollably
• The cancerous white blood cells spread to the lymph nodes,
liver, and spleen, causing them to enlarge
• All leukemias produce the usual symptoms of anemia (fatigue,
intolerance to cold, and pale skin)
• In addition, weight loss, fever, night sweats, excessive
bleeding, and recurrent infections may occur
Common Symptoms of
Leukemia
Summary
• The ABO
blood grouping – Based on
antigen (A or
B) and antibody ( A or B) type
• Erythroblastosis
Foetalis: Rh incompatibility between mother and foetus
• Disorders: Anaemia, Hemophilia, leukemia and sickle cell
diseases
• Symptoms of anaemia: Pallor, Fatigue, Shortness of breath,
Tachycardia, Headache, Irritability, Syncope