Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry-I B. Pharma 2nd Semester Important Questions
Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Important Questions Unit 1
1. Define organic compounds and explain their importance in chemistry and biology.
2. Discuss the classification of organic compounds based on their functional groups, including alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, and carboxylic acids.
3. Describe the common and IUPAC systems of nomenclature for organic compounds, including rules for naming alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes, as well as compounds containing functional groups.
4. Explain structural isomerism in organic compounds, including chain isomerism, position isomerism, and functional group isomerism.
5. Describe the types of carbocyclic compounds, including cycloalkanes, cycloalkenes, and aromatic compounds.
6. Explain the rules for naming carbocyclic compounds using the common and IUPAC systems of nomenclature.
7. Discuss the importance of stereochemistry in organic compounds and the different types of stereoisomerism, including geometric isomerism and optical isomerism.
8. Define chirality and enantiomers, and explain how they are related to optical isomerism.
9. Describe the concept of conformational isomerism, including the difference between axial and equatorial conformations in cyclohexane.
10. Discuss the importance of organic chemistry in drug discovery and development, including the role of isomerism in drug design.
Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Important Questions UNIT 2
1. Define alkanes, alkenes, and conjugated dienes and explain their importance in organic chemistry.
2. Describe the sp3 hybridization in alkanes and explain the halogenation of alkanes, including the reaction mechanism and the use of paraffins.
3. Discuss the stabilities of alkenes and explain the sp2 hybridization in alkenes, including the molecular orbital theory.
4. Explain the E1 and E2 reactions, including the kinetics, order of reactivity of alkyl halides, and the rearrangement of carbocations. Discuss Saytzeff’s orientation and the factors affecting E1 and E2 reactions. Compare E1 and E2 reactions.
5. Discuss the electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes, including Markownikoff’s orientation and Anti-Markownikoff’s orientation, and explain the reaction mechanisms.
6. Describe the free radical addition reactions of alkenes and explain the role of peroxides in initiating these reactions.
7. Discuss the stability of conjugated dienes and explain the Diels-Alder reaction, electrophilic addition reactions, and free radical addition reactions of conjugated dienes.
8. Explain the allylic rearrangement and its importance in organic synthesis.
9. Discuss the uses of alkanes, alkenes, and conjugated dienes in various industries, including the production of fuels, polymers, and pharmaceuticals.
10. Describe the mechanisms of ozonolysis and its importance in organic synthesis.
Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Important Questions UNIT 3
1. What are alcohols? Discuss their general structure and classification based on the number of hydroxyl groups present.
2. What are the physical and chemical properties of alcohols? Discuss the intermolecular forces that govern their physical properties.
3. Describe the various methods of preparation of alcohols with suitable examples.
4. Discuss the various reactions of alcohols including oxidation, dehydration, esterification, and substitution reactions with suitable examples.
5. What are the uses and applications of alcohols in pharmacy and other industries?
6. Explain the qualitative tests for the identification of alcohols. Discuss the role of Lucas reagent and Fehling’s solution in the identification of alcohols.
7. What are the structural features and uses of important alcohols such as ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, glycerol, and propylene glycol?
Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Important Questions UNIT 4
1. Explain nucleophilic addition reactions of aldehydes and ketones.
2. Discuss the concept of the electromeric effect with respect to carbonyl compounds.
3. Explain the mechanism of aldol condensation and give suitable examples.
4. What is Crossed Aldol condensation? Give an example.
5. Explain the Cannizzaro reaction with an example. What is Crossed Cannizzaro reaction?
6. What is Benzoin condensation? Give an example.
7. What is the Perkin condensation reaction? Give an example.
8. Describe the qualitative tests used to identify aldehydes and ketones.
9. Discuss the structures and uses of Formaldehyde, Paraldehyde, Acetone, Chloral hydrate, Hexamine, Benzaldehyde, Vanillin, Cinnamaldehyde.
Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Important Questions UNIT 5
Acidity of carboxylic acids:
• What is the general formula of a carboxylic acid?
• What is the pKa value of a carboxylic acid and how does it relate to its acidity?
• How does the acidity of carboxylic acids compare to that of alcohols and phenols?
• What factors affect the acidity of carboxylic acids?
• How does the presence of electron-withdrawing or electron-donating substituents affect the acidity of carboxylic acids?
Qualitative tests for carboxylic acids, amides and esters:
• What are the common tests used to detect the presence of carboxylic acids?
• How do you distinguish between a carboxylic acid, an amide, and an ester using chemical tests?
• What are the properties of carboxylic acids that make them react in certain tests?
Structure and uses of carboxylic acids:
• What is the structure of acetic acid and what are its uses?
• What is the structure of lactic acid and what are its uses?
• What is the structure of tartaric acid and what are its uses?
• What is the structure of citric acid and what are its uses?
• What is the structure of succinic acid and what are its uses?
• What is the structure of oxalic acid and what are its uses?
• What is the structure of salicylic acid and what are its uses?
• What is the structure of benzoic acid and what are its uses?
• What is the structure of benzyl benzoate and what are its uses?
• What is the structure of dimethyl phthalate and what are its uses?
• What is the structure of methyl salicylate and what are its uses?
• What is the structure of acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin) and what are its uses?
Aliphatic amines:
• What is the general formula of an aliphatic amine?
• What is the pKa value of an aliphatic amine and how does it relate to its basicity?
• How does the basicity of aliphatic amines compare to that of ammonia?
• What factors affect the basicity of aliphatic amines?
• How does the presence of electron-withdrawing or electron-donating substituents affect the basicity of aliphatic amines?
Qualitative tests for aliphatic amines:
• What are the common tests used to detect the presence of aliphatic amines?
• How do you distinguish between primary, secondary and tertiary aliphatic amines using chemical tests?
• What are the properties of aliphatic amines that make them react in certain tests?
Structure and uses of aliphatic amines:
• What is the structure of ethanolamine and what are its uses?
• What is the structure of ethylenediamine and what are its uses?
• What is the structure of amphetamine and what are its uses?