Biochemistry Notes One Shot
Biochemistry Notes One Shot
Are you preparing for GPAT, NIPER, Pharmacist, Drug Inspector, or NPLEX exams? Our latest blog post provides an extensive set of Biochemistry Notes One Shot & MCQs designed to help you excel in these competitive exams. This quiz-based content is tailored to cover essential biochemical concepts that frequently appear in pharma-related tests.
In this post, you will find high-yield Notes & MCQs on key topics such as:
- Enzyme active sites and catalytic mechanisms
- Urea cycle disorders and their clinical significance
- Vitamins, coenzymes, and related deficiency disorders
- Metalloenzymes and their biochemical roles
- Competitive and non-competitive inhibition mechanisms
- ATP production pathways, glycolysis, and mitochondrial functions
Each question is framed to reflect the exam pattern, enhancing your conceptual clarity and recall ability. Whether you are revising metabolic pathways, enzyme functions, or disorders related to essential vitamins, this blog offers targeted preparation for pharmacy entrance and professional exams.
Features of the Blog:
- 50+ MCQs with answers and explanations
- Ideal for GPAT, NIPER, Drug Inspector, and Pharmacist exams
- Covers essential topics in clinical biochemistry and pharmacology
- Designed to boost both accuracy and speed
Prepare effectively with these MCQs to secure your success in competitive exams. Start practicing now and elevate your exam readiness with our comprehensive biochemistry quiz!
Biochemistry One Shot
1. Active Centers of Enzymes
- Chymotrypsin, Trypsin, Thrombin: Histidine (57), Aspartate (102), Serine (195) at the active site.
- Phosphoglucomutase, Alkaline phosphatase, Acetylcholinesterase: Serine and Histidine are key.
- Other examples: Carbonic anhydrase, Hexokinase, Carboxypeptidase, Aldolase—feature serine, histidine, or cysteine residues at their catalytic sites.
2. Urea Cycle Disorders
- Hyperammonemia Type-I: Deficiency in Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase I (CPS-I).
- Hyperammonemia Type-II: Ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTC) deficiency; increased glutamine levels in blood, CSF, and urine.
- Hyperornithinemia: Defective ornithine transporter protein.
- Citrullinemia: Caused by a deficiency in argininosuccinate synthetase.
- Argininosuccinic aciduria: Due to argininosuccinate lyase deficiency.
- Hyperargininemia: Results from an arginase deficiency, leading to increased arginine levels in blood and CSF.
3. Metabolic Functions of Subcellular Organelles
- Nucleus: DNA replication, transcription.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum: Protein synthesis, drug metabolism, cholesterol synthesis.
- Golgi Body: Protein maturation.
- Lysosome: Degradation of biomolecules (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids).
- Mitochondria: Electron transport chain, TCA cycle, beta-oxidation, ketone synthesis, partial urea synthesis.
- Cytosol: Glycolysis, HMP shunt, fatty acid synthesis, purine/pyrimidine synthesis, protein synthesis.
4. Metalloenzymes and their Associated Metals
- Zinc: Carbonic anhydrase, alcohol dehydrogenase.
- Magnesium: Hexokinase, phosphofructokinase.
- Manganese: Enolase.
- Copper: Tyrosinase, cytochrome oxidase.
- Iron: Catalase, peroxidase.
- Calcium: Lecithinase.
- Molybdenum: Xanthine oxidase.
5. Fat-Soluble Vitamins and Related Disorders
- Vitamin A: Deficiency causes night blindness, xerophthalmia, and keratomalacia.
- Vitamin D: Deficiency leads to rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults.
- Vitamin E: Antioxidant; deficiency affects fertility (ovum, sperm) and can lead to hemolysis.
- Vitamin K: Involved in coagulation; deficiency results in bleeding disorders.
6. Essential and Non-Essential Amino Acids
- Essential: Arginine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Threonine, Valine.
- Non-Essential: Glycine, Alanine, Serine, Cysteine, Aspartate, Glutamate, Proline.
7. ATP Yield in Glycolysis under Anaerobic Conditions
- Hexokinase step: -1 ATP.
- Phosphofructokinase step: -1 ATP.
- Biphosphoglycerate kinase step: +2 ATP.
- Pyruvate kinase step: +2 ATP.
- Net ATP gain per glucose molecule: 2 ATP.
8. Clinically Useful Competitive Inhibitors
- Allopurinol: Inhibits xanthine oxidase.
- Dicoumarol: Inhibits Vitamin K epoxide reductase.
- Penicillin: Targets transpeptidase.
- Sulfonamides: Inhibit folate synthesis.
- Trimethoprim & Pyrimethamine: Inhibit dihydrofolate reductase (FH2-reductase).
- Methotrexate: Inhibits FH2-reductase.
- 5-Fluorouracil: Targets thymidylate synthase.
- Lovastatin: Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase (cholesterol synthesis).
- Oseltamivir (Tamiflu): Inhibits neuraminidase.
9. Comparison of Competitive vs. Non-Competitive Inhibition
| Feature | Competitive Inhibition | Non-Competitive Inhibition |
|---|---|---|
| Acting site | Active site | Allosteric site |
| Substrate Analog | Yes | No |
| Reversibility | Reversible | Often irreversible |
| Effect of excess substrate | Inhibition relieved | No effect |
| Km (Michaelis constant) | Increased | No change |
| Vmax (Maximum velocity) | No change | Decreased |
| Significance | Drug action | Toxicological |
10. Coenzymes and the Groups Transferred
- Thiamine Pyrophosphate (TPP): Transfers hydroxyethyl groups.
- Pyridoxal Phosphate (PLP): Transfers amino groups.
- Biotin: Transfers carbon dioxide.
- Coenzyme-A (CoA): Transfers acyl groups.
- Tetrahydrofolate (FH4): Transfers one-carbon units.
- ATP: Transfers phosphate groups.
These notes summarize key biochemical concepts, including enzyme functions, metabolic pathways, vitamins, and clinical applications, providing a concise yet comprehensive overview.
MCQs for Biochemistry
- Which amino acid is commonly present at the catalytic site of chymotrypsin?
a) Glutamate
b) Serine
c) Lysine
d) Alanine
Answer: b) Serine - Which enzyme deficiency is responsible for Hyperammonemia Type-I?
a) Ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTC)
b) Arginase
c) Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase I (CPS-I)
d) Argininosuccinate synthetase
Answer: c) Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase I (CPS-I) - Which organelle is responsible for ATP production through the electron transport chain?
a) Golgi body
b) Mitochondria
c) Lysosome
d) Nucleus
Answer: b) Mitochondria - Which metal ion is present in carbonic anhydrase?
a) Copper
b) Iron
c) Zinc
d) Magnesium
Answer: c) Zinc - Deficiency of Vitamin A causes which of the following conditions?
a) Scurvy
b) Night blindness
c) Beriberi
d) Pellagra
Answer: b) Night blindness - What is the total net ATP gain per glucose molecule in anaerobic glycolysis?
a) 4 ATP
b) 2 ATP
c) 6 ATP
d) 1 ATP
Answer: b) 2 ATP - Which of the following is a competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase?
a) Allopurinol
b) Dicoumarol
c) Methotrexate
d) Penicillin
Answer: a) Allopurinol - In non-competitive inhibition, the Vmax of the enzyme reaction is:
a) Increased
b) Decreased
c) Unchanged
d) Doubled
Answer: b) Decreased - Which of the following vitamins is involved in blood coagulation?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin D
c) Vitamin K
d) Vitamin E
Answer: c) Vitamin K - Which amino acid is non-essential?
a) Leucine
b) Valine
c) Glycine
d) Histidine
Answer: c) Glycine - Which enzyme is inhibited by Lovastatin?
a) HMG-CoA reductase
b) Neuraminidase
c) Thymidylate synthase
d) Dihydrofolate reductase
Answer: a) HMG-CoA reductase - Which coenzyme is involved in the transfer of acyl groups?
a) Biotin
b) Coenzyme-A (CoA)
c) Thiamine Pyrophosphate (TPP)
d) Pyridoxal Phosphate (PLP)
Answer: b) Coenzyme-A (CoA) - Which of the following disorders is caused by a deficiency of arginase?
a) Citrullinemia
b) Argininosuccinic aciduria
c) Hyperammonemia Type-II
d) Hyperargininemia
Answer: d) Hyperargininemia - In competitive inhibition, which parameter is increased?
a) Vmax
b) Km
c) Enzyme concentration
d) Substrate concentration
Answer: b) Km - Which metabolic function is performed by the cytosol?
a) TCA cycle
b) Glycolysis
c) Electron transport chain
d) Beta-oxidation of fatty acids
Answer: b) Glycolysis
- Which vitamin is an antioxidant and is essential for maintaining healthy sperm motility?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin D
c) Vitamin E
d) Vitamin K
Answer: c) Vitamin E - Which enzyme requires biotin as a coenzyme for the transfer of carbon dioxide?
a) Hexokinase
b) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
c) Phosphoglucomutase
d) Alcohol dehydrogenase
Answer: b) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase - Which of the following urea cycle disorders involves defective ornithine transport?
a) Citrullinemia
b) Hyperornithinemia
c) Hyperammonemia Type-I
d) Argininosuccinic aciduria
Answer: b) Hyperornithinemia - Which enzyme contains copper and is responsible for melanin synthesis?
a) Alcohol dehydrogenase
b) Hexokinase
c) Tyrosinase
d) Xanthine oxidase
Answer: c) Tyrosinase - Which coenzyme transfers phosphate groups during biochemical reactions?
a) Thiamine Pyrophosphate (TPP)
b) Tetrahydrofolate (FH4)
c) Coenzyme-A (CoA)
d) Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Answer: d) Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) - Which of the following is the key function of the lysosome?
a) Electron transport
b) Protein maturation
c) Degradation of cellular waste
d) Protein synthesis
Answer: c) Degradation of cellular waste - Which competitive inhibitor targets thymidylate synthase?
a) 5-Fluorouracil
b) Allopurinol
c) Methotrexate
d) Lovastatin
Answer: a) 5-Fluorouracil - What is the biochemical significance of the mitochondrial electron transport chain?
a) Glycolysis
b) ATP generation
c) Fatty acid synthesis
d) Urea synthesis
Answer: b) ATP generation - Which amino acid is classified as essential?
a) Glycine
b) Alanine
c) Leucine
d) Glutamate
Answer: c) Leucine - In competitive inhibition, which factor can relieve inhibition?
a) Increase in enzyme concentration
b) Increase in substrate concentration
c) Decrease in Km
d) Increase in product concentration
Answer: b) Increase in substrate concentration - Which enzyme is involved in cholesterol synthesis and is inhibited by statins?
a) HMG-CoA reductase
b) Pyruvate kinase
c) Carbonic anhydrase
d) Xanthine oxidase
Answer: a) HMG-CoA reductase - What is the main product of heme degradation in the liver?
a) Biliverdin
b) Urobilin
c) Bilirubin
d) Stercobilin
Answer: c) Bilirubin - Which organelle participates in urea synthesis and gluconeogenesis?
a) Cytosol
b) Lysosome
c) Golgi body
d) Mitochondria
Answer: d) Mitochondria - Which of the following disorders is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and involves high levels of citrulline?
a) Hyperammonemia Type-I
b) Hyperammonemia Type-II
c) Citrullinemia
d) Hyperargininemia
Answer: c) Citrullinemia - Which vitamin deficiency can result in bleeding disorders and impaired clotting?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin D
c) Vitamin E
d) Vitamin K
Answer: d) Vitamin K
- Which amino acid is present at the active site of carbonic anhydrase?
a) Serine
b) Histidine
c) Aspartate
d) Lysine
Answer: b) Histidine - Which of the following vitamins regulates calcium levels in the body?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin D
c) Vitamin E
d) Vitamin K
Answer: b) Vitamin D - Which enzyme is responsible for the final step in glycolysis?
a) Hexokinase
b) Pyruvate kinase
c) Phosphofructokinase
d) Glucose-6-phosphatase
Answer: b) Pyruvate kinase - In urea cycle disorders, increased levels of ammonia and citrulline are characteristic of:
a) Argininosuccinic aciduria
b) Hyperornithinemia
c) Hyperammonemia Type-I
d) Citrullinemia
Answer: d) Citrullinemia - Which enzyme contains magnesium as a cofactor?
a) Hexokinase
b) Tyrosinase
c) Xanthine oxidase
d) Lecithinase
Answer: a) Hexokinase - Which coenzyme is essential for the transfer of amino groups?
a) Pyridoxal Phosphate (PLP)
b) Thiamine Pyrophosphate (TPP)
c) Biotin
d) Coenzyme-A (CoA)
Answer: a) Pyridoxal Phosphate (PLP) - What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?
a) ATP generation
b) Protein maturation
c) Degradation of lipids
d) DNA replication
Answer: b) Protein maturation - Which type of inhibition is generally irreversible?
a) Competitive inhibition
b) Non-competitive inhibition
c) Feedback inhibition
d) Uncompetitive inhibition
Answer: b) Non-competitive inhibition - Which urea cycle disorder involves the accumulation of argininosuccinate in blood and urine?
a) Hyperammonemia Type-I
b) Argininosuccinic aciduria
c) Citrullinemia
d) Hyperornithinemia
Answer: b) Argininosuccinic aciduria - Which vitamin deficiency is associated with rickets in children?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin D
c) Vitamin E
d) Vitamin K
Answer: b) Vitamin D - Which enzyme inhibitor is used to block folate synthesis in bacteria?
a) Sulfonamides
b) Allopurinol
c) Dicoumarol
d) Lovastatin
Answer: a) Sulfonamides - Which of the following enzymes is inhibited by methotrexate?
a) Xanthine oxidase
b) Dihydrofolate reductase
c) Thymidylate synthase
d) Neuraminidase
Answer: b) Dihydrofolate reductase - Which organelle is involved in both beta-oxidation of fatty acids and ketone body production?
a) Mitochondria
b) Lysosome
c) Golgi body
d) Cytosol
Answer: a) Mitochondria - Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?
a) Vitamin C
b) Vitamin B12
c) Vitamin A
d) Vitamin B6
Answer: c) Vitamin A - Which enzyme is inhibited by dicoumarol, interfering with blood clotting?
a) Neuraminidase
b) Vitamin K epoxide reductase
c) HMG-CoA reductase
d) Xanthine oxidase
Answer: b) Vitamin K epoxide reductase - Which amino acid is a precursor for serotonin synthesis?
a) Tyrosine
b) Tryptophan
c) Phenylalanine
d) Arginine
Answer: b) Tryptophan - What is the primary function of pyrimidine synthesis in cells?
a) ATP production
b) DNA and RNA synthesis
c) Protein degradation
d) Lipid metabolism
Answer: b) DNA and RNA synthesis - Which vitamin deficiency causes night blindness?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin D
c) Vitamin E
d) Vitamin K
Answer: a) Vitamin A - Which coenzyme transfers one-carbon groups in metabolic reactions?
a) Coenzyme-A (CoA)
b) Biotin
c) Tetrahydrofolate (FH4)
d) Pyridoxal Phosphate (PLP)
Answer: c) Tetrahydrofolate (FH4) - Which enzyme is involved in heme degradation to form biliverdin?
a) Catalase
b) Cytochrome oxidase
c) Heme oxygenase
d) Peroxidase
Answer: c) Heme oxygenase
This set of MCQs covers crucial concepts from biochemistry relevant for various pharmacy-related exams. It includes questions on vitamins, enzymes, metabolic pathways, competitive inhibition, and more to provide a comprehensive practice set for candidates preparing for GPAT, NIPER, Pharmacist, Drug Inspector, and NPLEX exams.
Also, Visit:
B. Pharma Previous Year Question Paper