Human Anatomy and Physiology MCQs Asked in Various Pharmacist Exam Part 1
Human Anatomy and Physiology MCQs Asked in Various Pharmacist Exam
Preparing for Pharmacist exams like GPAT, ESIC, TNPSC, or HPSSC? We bring you the first part of our Human Anatomy and Physiology MCQs series, designed to help you excel in your preparation for competitive exams.
In this post, we present a carefully curated collection of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) that have been asked in various Pharmacist recruitment exams. Each question is accompanied by the correct answer and a short explanation, helping you understand key concepts in Anatomy and Physiology more effectively.
What you’ll learn:
- Important topics frequently covered in exams
- Detailed yet concise explanations to help with quick learning
- Boost your preparation with real exam-level questions
This post is a must-read for anyone serious about Pharmacist exam preparation. Stay tuned for the next parts of this series where we will cover more topics and MCQs from various subjects.
Read now and get ahead in your Pharmacist exam prep!
Human Anatomy and Physiology MCQs Part -1
1. Which muscle is most resistant to block and recovers rapidly?
(a) Hand
(b) Leg
(c) Neck
(d) Diaphragm
Exam: Gujarat VMC Pharmacist (28.03.2021)
Answer: (d) Diaphragm
Explanation: The diaphragm is highly resistant to neuromuscular blockers and is the first muscle to recover, making it crucial to monitor during surgeries.
2. Active immunity can be gained by:
(a) Vaccines
(b) Toxoids
(c) Natural infection
(d) All of these
Exam: HPSSC Pharmacist (12.12.2020)
Answer: (d) All of these
Explanation: Active immunity arises when exposure to pathogens prompts the body to produce antibodies, whether through vaccines, toxoids, or infections.
3. What is the life span of W.B.C. in humans?
(a) 7 days
(b) 50 days
(c) 100 days
(d) None of these
Exam: HPSSC Pharmacist (12.12.2020)
Answer: (a) 7 days
Explanation: White blood cells have a short lifespan, typically lasting from a few hours to 7 days, depending on their type.
4. Which of the following lacks a blood supply?
(a) Bone
(b) Connective tissue
(c) Cartilage
(d) None of these
Exam: HPSSC Pharmacist (12.12.2020)
Answer: (c) Cartilage
Explanation: Cartilage is avascular, meaning it lacks blood vessels, unlike bones and connective tissues.
5. What is the percentage of water in plasma?
(a) 60%
(b) 70%
(c) 80%
(d) 90%
Exam: HPSSC Pharmacist (12.12.2020)
Answer: (d) 90%
Explanation: Plasma, the liquid component of blood, is primarily water (90-92%).
6. Nissl granules occur in:
(a) Bone cells
(b) Mast cells
(c) Nerve cells
(d) Chondrocytes
Exam: HPSSC Pharmacist (12.12.2020)
Answer: (c) Nerve cells
Explanation: Nissl granules are rough endoplasmic reticulum in neurons, aiding in protein synthesis.
7. Loss of muscle tone occurs in which stage?
(a) Stage I
(b) Stage II
(c) Stage III
(d) Stage IV
Exam: HPSSC Pharmacist (12.12.2020)
Answer: (c) Stage III
Explanation: Muscle tone decreases significantly during Stage III of anesthesia, leading to muscle relaxation.
8. Angiology refers to the study of:
(a) Skeletal system
(b) Articular system
(c) Integumentary system
(d) Circulatory system
Exam: HPSSC Pharmacist (12.12.2020)
Answer: (d) Circulatory system
Explanation: Angiology is the branch of medical science that deals with the study of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.
9. The function of the Golgi apparatus is:
(a) Synthesis of ribosomes
(b) Synthesis of proteins
(c) Breakdown of toxic substances
(d) Transport of proteins
Exam: HPSSC Pharmacist (12.12.2020)
Answer: (d) Transport of proteins
Explanation: The Golgi apparatus modifies, packages, and transports proteins within the cell.
10. The total number of phalanges in the upper limb is:
(a) 10
(b) 14
(c) 20
(d) 28
Exam: HPSSC Pharmacist (12.12.2020)
Answer: (d) 28
Explanation: Each hand has 14 phalanges, so both upper limbs together have a total of 28 phalanges.
11. Lymphocytes account for what percent of leucocytes in normal adults?
(a) 15%
(b) 30%
(c) 60%
(d) 90%
Exam: HPSSC Pharmacist (12.12.2020)
Answer: (b) 30%
Explanation: Lymphocytes make up about 18-45% of total white blood cells in a normal adult.
12. Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system?
(a) Return tissue fluid to bloodstream
(b) Transport dietary proteins
(c) Transport fats
(d) Protect the body from foreign material
Exam: HPSSC Pharmacist (12.12.2020)
Answer: (b) Transport dietary proteins
Explanation: The lymphatic system does not transport dietary proteins but absorbs fats and transports immune cells.
13. The proximal convoluted tubule lies in:
(a) Renal medulla
(b) Renal sinus
(c) Renal cortex
(d) Renal pelvis
Exam: HPSSC Pharmacist (12.12.2020)
Answer: (c) Renal cortex
Explanation: The proximal convoluted tubule, responsible for reabsorption, is located in the renal cortex.
14. Sarcolemma refers to:
(a) Cytoplasm of skeletal muscle
(b) Mitochondria of skeletal muscle
(c) Endoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle
(d) Membrane of skeletal muscle
Exam: HPSSC Pharmacist (12.12.2020)
Answer: (d) Membrane of skeletal muscle
Explanation: Sarcolemma is the plasma membrane that surrounds skeletal muscle fibers.
15. Human beings have how many parathyroid glands?
(a) 2
(b) 4
(c) 6
(d) 8
Exam: HPSSC Pharmacist (12.12.2020)
Answer: (b) 4
Explanation: Humans typically have four parathyroid glands that regulate calcium levels in the body.
16. Percentage of bicarbonate reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule is:
(a) 15-20%
(b) 30-35%
(c) 55-60%
(d) 85-90%
Exam: HPSSC Pharmacist (12.12.2020)
Answer: (d) 85-90%
Explanation: The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs about 85-90% of filtered bicarbonate, playing a critical role in acid-base balance.
17. Which of the following hormones does not use cAMP as a second messenger?
(a) TSH
(b) Insulin
(c) LH
(d) FSH
Exam: NCL Pharmacist (08.11.2020)
Answer: (b) Insulin
Explanation: Insulin acts via a tyrosine kinase receptor, not through cAMP. Other hormones like TSH, LH, and FSH use cAMP as a second messenger.
18. Which of the following is contraindicated in pregnancy?
(a) Labetalol
(b) Hydralazine
(c) Nifedipine
(d) ACE inhibitors
Exam: NCL Pharmacist (08.11.2020)
Answer: (d) ACE inhibitors
Explanation: ACE inhibitors can cause fetal malformations and are contraindicated during pregnancy.
19. Prostaglandin derivatives are used in the following conditions except:
(a) Cervical ripening
(b) As an abortifacient
(c) NSAID-induced peptic ulcer
(d) PDA
Exam: NCL Pharmacist (08.11.2020)
Answer: (d) PDA (Patent Ductus Arteriosus)
Explanation: Prostaglandins are not used for PDA but are utilized for cervical ripening and inducing abortion.
20. Phase IV clinical trials are also called:
(a) Human pharmacology and safety
(b) Pre-post-marketing surveillance
(c) Therapeutic confirmation
(d) Post-marketing surveillance
Exam: NCL Pharmacist (08.11.2020)
Answer: (d) Post-marketing surveillance
Explanation: Phase IV trials occur after a drug is marketed to monitor long-term effects in a larger population.
21. Fatigue, weight loss, chronic cough, night sweats, and chest pain are symptoms of:
(a) Angina pectoris
(b) Tuberculosis
(c) Hypertension
(d) Diabetes mellitus
Exam: Kerala PSC Pharmacist Gr. II (04.11.2020)
Answer: (b) Tuberculosis
Explanation: These are typical symptoms of tuberculosis, a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
22. Which is used for aspiration of stomach contents?
(a) Endotracheal tube
(b) Ryle’s tube
(c) Metal catheter
(d) Rubber catheter
Exam: Kerala PSC Pharmacist Gr. II (04.11.2020)
Answer: (b) Ryle’s tube
Explanation: Ryle’s tube, a nasogastric tube, is used to aspirate gastric contents.
23. The duration of action of Cephalosporins is longer in neonates than in adults because:
(a) Intestinal transit is fast
(b) Drug-metabolizing enzymes are overactive
(c) Tubular transport mechanisms are not well developed
(d) Glomerular filtration rate is high
Exam: GPSC Asst. Professor Pharmacist (23.01.2021)
Answer: (c) Tubular transport mechanisms are not well developed
Explanation: Neonates have underdeveloped tubular transport systems, leading to prolonged drug action.
24. Which of the following hormones is not synthesized by the pancreas?
(a) Gastrin
(b) Thyroxin
(c) Glucagon
(d) Insulin
Exam: Gujarat JMC Jr. Pharmacist (19.06.2021)
Answer: (b) Thyroxin
Explanation: Thyroxin is produced by the thyroid gland, while the pancreas synthesizes insulin and glucagon.
25. Tetanus is related to:
(a) Skeletal muscle fibers and locking of jaw
(b) Locking of jaw and food habits
(c) Skeletal muscle fibers and food habits
(d) None of these
Exam: Gujarat JMC Jr. Pharmacist (19.06.2021)
Answer: (a) Skeletal muscle fibers and locking of jaw
Explanation: Tetanus affects skeletal muscles, leading to muscle stiffness and jaw locking, commonly known as “lockjaw.”
26. Ptyalin, an enzyme found in saliva, mainly functions to:
(a) Break down starch into glucose
(b) Break down starch into maltose and dextrin
(c) Break down starch into fructose
(d) Break down starch into galactose
Exam: Gujarat JMC Jr. Pharmacist (19.06.2021)
Answer: (b) Break down starch into maltose and dextrin
Explanation: Ptyalin, also known as salivary amylase, breaks down starch into maltose and dextrin during digestion.
27. Increased levels of potassium in the blood is called:
(a) Hyperkalemia
(b) Hypernatremia
(c) Hyperglycemia
(d) Hyperlipidemia
Exam: Gujarat JMC Jr. Pharmacist (19.06.2021)
Answer: (a) Hyperkalemia
Explanation: Hyperkalemia refers to an abnormally high concentration of potassium in the blood, which can cause heart problems.
28. The major immunoglobulin present in human serum is:
(a) IgG
(b) IgE
(c) IgA
(d) IgF
Exam: GSSSB Sr. Pharmacist (07.01.2020)
Answer: (a) IgG
Explanation: IgG is the most abundant immunoglobulin in human serum, making up 75-80% of the total antibodies.
29. Cranial nerves arise from:
(a) Lungs
(b) Kidney
(c) Heart
(d) Brain
Exam: RRB Pharmacist Gr. III (21.07.2019)
Answer: (d) Brain
Explanation: Cranial nerves are a set of 12 paired nerves that arise directly from the brain, transmitting information to and from the head and neck.
30. Cells are enclosed by a plasma membrane composed mainly of:
(a) Lipids and proteins
(b) Proteins and emulsified fats
(c) Fats and carbohydrates
(d) Lipids and emulsified fats
Exam: RRB Pharmacist Gr. III (21.07.2019)
Answer: (a) Lipids and proteins
Explanation: The plasma membrane consists primarily of lipids and proteins, providing a semi-permeable barrier for the cell.
31. Which of the following is an autosomal dominant disorder?
(a) Polycystic kidney disease
(b) Alkaptonuria
(c) Wilson’s disease
(d) Thalassemia
Exam: RRB Pharmacist Gr. III (21.07.2019)
Answer: (a) Polycystic kidney disease
Explanation: Polycystic kidney disease is an autosomal dominant disorder, meaning only one copy of the defective gene is required for the disease to manifest.
32. Among the following organs, which has the highest perfusion rate?
(a) Liver
(b) Kidney
(c) Lungs
(d) Heart
Exam: RRB Pharmacist Gr. III (21.07.2019)
Answer: (c) Lungs
Explanation: The lungs have the highest perfusion rate due to the need for rapid gas exchange between the blood and air.
33. The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called:
(a) Magnification
(b) Accommodation
(c) Modulation
(d) Focal length adjustment
Exam: RRB Pharmacist Gr. III (21.07.2019)
Answer: (b) Accommodation
Explanation: Accommodation refers to the eye’s ability to change its lens shape to focus on objects at different distances.
34. Which region of the oral mucosa has the highest blood flow?
(a) Ventral tongue
(b) Frenulum
(c) Sublingual
(d) Buccal
Exam: RRB Pharmacist Gr. III (21.07.2019)
Answer: (c) Sublingual
Explanation: The sublingual region, located beneath the tongue, has a rich blood supply, making it ideal for drug absorption.
35. Which lymphocytes produce antibodies?
(a) B cells
(b) T cells
(c) Macrophages
(d) Helper T cells
Exam: RRB Pharmacist Gr. III (21.07.2019)
Answer: (a) B cells
Explanation: B cells, a type of lymphocyte, are responsible for producing antibodies that help the body fight infections.
36. Insulin is composed of how many amino acids?
(a) 30
(b) 51
(c) 21
(d) 81
Exam: RRB Pharmacist Gr. III (21.07.2019)
Answer: (b) 51
Explanation: Insulin consists of two peptide chains, A and B, joined by disulfide bonds, and has a total of 51 amino acids.
37. Impure (deoxygenated) blood is carried by:
(a) Pulmonary artery
(b) Pulmonary vein
(c) Aorta
(d) Coronary artery
Exam: RRB Pharmacist Gr. III (21.07.2019)
Answer: (a) Pulmonary artery
Explanation: The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.
38. The normal range of diastolic pressure is:
(a) 110-145 mm Hg
(b) 100-120 mm Hg
(c) 40-55 mm Hg
(d) 70-90 mm Hg
Exam: RRB Pharmacist Gr. III (21.07.2019)
Answer: (d) 70-90 mm Hg
Explanation: The normal diastolic blood pressure range in adults is 70-90 mm Hg, indicating the pressure when the heart is at rest between beats.
39. “Astrocytes” are present in:
(a) Blood-brain barrier
(b) Blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier
(c) Cell membrane barrier
(d) Blood-placental barrier
Exam: RRB Pharmacist Gr. III (19.07.2019)
Answer: (a) Blood-brain barrier
Explanation: Astrocytes are star-shaped glial cells in the brain and spinal cord that support neurons and maintain the blood-brain barrier.
40. Enamel is a constituent of:
(a) Bones
(b) Nails
(c) Hair
(d) Teeth
Exam: RRB Pharmacist Gr. III (19.07.2019)
Answer: (d) Teeth
Explanation: Enamel is the hardest substance in the human body and covers the outer layer of each tooth, protecting it from decay.
41. Estimation of serum creatinine is considered to be a more reliable indicator for the evaluation of:
(a) Lung function
(b) Liver function
(c) Kidney function
(d) Gastric function
Exam: RRB Pharmacist Gr. III (19.07.2019)
Answer: (c) Kidney function
Explanation: Serum creatinine levels are used to assess kidney function, as creatinine is a waste product filtered by the kidneys.
42. Who introduced the Mutation Theory?
(a) Von Baer
(b) Edward Jenner
(c) Camillo Golgi
(d) Hugo de Vries
Exam: RRB Pharmacist Gr. III (19.07.2019)
Answer: (d) Hugo de Vries
Explanation: Hugo de Vries introduced the Mutation Theory, proposing that sudden genetic changes (mutations) can lead to evolution.
43. Calcitonin is secreted by:
(a) Adrenals
(b) Thyroid
(c) Parathyroid
(d) Thymus
Exam: RRB Pharmacist Gr. III (19.07.2019)
Answer: (b) Thyroid
Explanation: Calcitonin is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that helps regulate calcium and phosphate levels in the blood.
44. G-protein-coupled receptors consist of:
(a) A bundle of seven alpha helices
(b) A bundle of four alpha helices
(c) A bundle of six alpha helices
(d) A bundle of five alpha helices
Exam: RRB Pharmacist Gr. III (19.07.2019)
Answer: (a) A bundle of seven alpha helices
Explanation: G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have a characteristic structure of seven transmembrane alpha helices and are involved in transmitting signals across cell membranes.
45. How many chromosomes are there in human beings?
(a) 46
(b) 40
(c) 44
(d) 48
Exam: RRB Pharmacist Gr. III (19.07.2019)
Answer: (a) 46
Explanation: Human cells typically contain 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs, including one pair of sex chromosomes (XX or XY).
46. Axis is a bone of:
(a) Skull
(b) Forearm
(c) Leg
(d) Spinal cord
Exam: RRB Pharmacist Gr. III (19.07.2019)
Answer: (d) Spinal cord
Explanation: The axis is the second cervical vertebra (C2) of the spine, supporting the rotation of the head.
47. In the stomach, vagal stimulation increases gastric acid secretion due to:
(a) H2 receptor
(b) M3 receptor
(c) 5HT receptor
(d) β receptor
Exam: RRB Pharmacist Gr. III (19.07.2019)
Answer: (b) M3 receptor
Explanation: Vagal stimulation releases acetylcholine, which activates M3 receptors in the stomach’s parietal cells to increase gastric acid secretion.
48. The transformation of larvae into an adult through drastic changes is called:
(a) Budding
(b) Reverse osmosis
(c) Menopause
(d) Metamorphosis
Exam: RRB Pharmacist Gr. III (19.07.2019)
Answer: (d) Metamorphosis
Explanation: Metamorphosis refers to the biological process in which a larva undergoes significant changes to become an adult, as seen in frogs and butterflies.
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