Pharmaceutical Dosage
Form

Pharmaceutics: 

Pharmaceutics is the discipline of
pharmacy that deals with the process of turning a new chemical entity or old
drugs into a medication to be used safely and effectively by patients. It is
also called the science of dosage form design.

Drug: 

A drug is any substance (other
than food that provides nutritional support) that, when inhaled, injected, smoked, consumed, absorbed via
a patch on the skin, or dissolved under the tongue causes a
physiological change in the body.

In
Pharmacology Drug is a chemical substance used in the treatment, cure,
prevention, or diagnosis of disease or used to otherwise enhance
physical or mental well-being.

Dosage
forms are pharmaceutical
drug products in the form in which drug molecules are delivered to sites
of action within the body, with a specific mixture of active ingredients and
inactive components.

Need of
Excipients:

1. To give particular shape to the
   formulation.

2. To increase stability

3. To increase palatability and
   give more elegance to the preparation.

Need of
Dosage form:

1. To protect the drug substance
   from oxidation, hydrolysis and reduction. Eg: Coated Tablet.

2. To protect the drug from the
   destructive effect of gastric juice of the stomach after oral
   administration. Eg: Enteric Coated Tablet.

3. To provide a safe and
   convenient delivery of accurate dosage.

4. To mask the bitter taste and
   bad odour of a drug.

5. To provide optimum drug action
   through various routes of administration. Eg: Ophthalmic, Transdermal,
   Parenteral, Nasal,

6. To provide delayed release of
   the drug. Eg: Sustained or controlled release dosage form

Type of Dosage form:

1. SOLID DOSAGE FORM:

1.       UNIT DOSAGE FORM:

•      
TABLETS

§ 
Lozenges

§ 
Chewable
Tablets

§ 
Modified
Release Tablets

§  Effervescent Tablets etc

·        
CAPSULE

§ 
Hard
gelatin Capsule

§  Soft Gelatin Capsule

2.       BULK

·        
INTERNAL

§ 
Fine Powder

§ 
Granules and Effervescent Granules

·        
EXTERNAL

§ 
Dentifrices (Tooth Powder)

§ 
Ear Powder

2. Liquid
Dosage from

1.       Biphasic

·        
Liquid in Liquid

§ 
Emulsions

·        
Solid in liquid

§ 
Suspensions

2.       Monophasic

·        
Internal

§ 
Syrups

§ 
Elixures

§ 
Linctus

§ 
Drops

·        
External

§ 
Liniments

§ 
Lotions

§ 
Gargles

§ 
Throat Paints

§ 
Mouth Washes

§ 
Sprays

§ 
Eye Lotions

§ 
Eye Drops

§ 
Nasal Drops

·        
Parenteral 

3.       Semisolid Dosage from

·       
Internal

·       
External

§ 
Ointments

§ 
Creams

§ 
Pastes

§ 
Jellies