Laxatives/Purgatives
These drugs are combinedly knows as purgatives, which
includes laxatives and cathartics these drugs are used to overcome the
constipation and proper evacuation of bowels.
Mechanism of action
Osmotic laxatives (Magnesium hydroxide) draw water into the
intestine to increase the mass of stool, stretching musculature which results
in peristalsis.
Stimulant laxatives result in stimulation of intestinal
peristalsis.
Lubricant laxatives increase water retention in the stool, prevent
water absorption from the stool, and lubricate as well as soften intestinal
contents.
Stool softener allow more fluid are fat to penetrate the faeces,
producing a softer fecal mass.
Drug example and
doses
Bilk forming laxatives (Methyl Cellulose) – 2 tablets 1000mg
orally with 8oz of liquid up to 6times a day.
Lubricant laxatives include mineral oil (Kondremal, Fleet
mineral oil enema.
Hyperosmotic laxatives include lactulose. – 10mg BD
Stimulant laxatives (Bisacodyl, Castor oil) – 5 -10 mg
sodium Pico sulfate 15-20 ml
Stool softener (Docusate Calcium, Docusate potassium) – 240mg
50-400mg orallyb1to 4 equally divided dose each day.
Indications / Uses
To treat or prevent constipation.
To prepare the bowel for radiologic or endoscopic procedures.
Short term treatment of constipation caused high dose of
opioid use.
Osmotic laxatives are used to rapid evacuation of the bowel after
ingestion of poison or following anti-helminthic therapy to rid of the body
from dead parasites.
Methyl cellulose and psyllium are used to many chronic diarrhoea.
Contraindication /
Precautions
Contraindicated if patient with parasites.
Severe abdominal pain of unknown cause.
Adverse effects
GI irritation.
Rectal burning sensation.
Osmotic laxatives may causes Dehydration.
Long term use and abuse of laxatives may cause permanent
loss of colonic motility.
Laxative dependence and electrolyte imbalances.
Nutritional deficiencies (with lubricant laxatives).
Belching (with osmotic laxatives)
Electrolyte imbalance. (With saline laxatives)
Drug interactions
Laxative decrease intestinal transit time and reduce
absorption of orally administer drug.
Laxatives/Purgatives Notes PDF
