Biostatistics and Research Methodology – B. Pharma 8th Semester Notes Pdf

Scope: To understand the applications of Biostatistics and Research Methodology in Pharmacy. This subject deals with descriptive statistics, Graphics, Correlation, Regression, logistic regression Probability theory, Sampling technique, Parametric tests, Non Parametric tests, ANOVA, Introduction to Design of Experiments, Phases of Clinical trials and Observational and Experimental studies, SPSS, R and MINITAB statistical software’s, analyzing the statistical data using Excel.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to

• Know the operation of M.S. Excel, SPSS, R and MINITAB®, DoE (Design of Experiment)

• Know the various statistical techniques to solve statistical problems

• Appreciate statistical techniques in solving the problems.

Course content:

Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit-I

Introduction: Statistics, Biostatistics, Frequency distribution

Measures of central tendency: Mean, Median, Mode- Pharmaceutical examples Measures of dispersion: Dispersion, Range, standard deviation, Pharmaceutical problems

Correlation: Definition, Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation, Multiple correlation – Pharmaceuticals examples

Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit-II

Regression: Curve fitting by the method of least squares, fitting the lines y= a + bx and x = a +by, Multiple regression, standard error
of regression– Pharmaceutical Examples

Probability: Definition of probability, Binomial distribution, Normal distribution, Poisson’s distribution, properties – problems

Sample, Population, large sample, small sample, Null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, sampling, essence of sampling, types of sampling, Error-I type, Error-II t ype, Standard error of mean (SEM) – Pharmaceutical examples

Parametric test: t-test (Sample, Pooled or Unpaired and Paired) , ANOVA, (One way and Two way), Least Significance difference

Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit-III

Non Parametric tests: Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Friedman Test

Introduction to Research: Need for research, Need for design of Experiments, Experiential Design Technique, plagiarism

Graphs: Histogram, Pie Chart, Cubic Graph, response surface plot, Counter Plot graph Designing the methodology: Sample size determination and Power of a study, Report writing and presentation of data, Protocol, Cohorts studies, Observational studies, Experimental studies, Designing clinical trial, various phases.

Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit-IV

Blocking and confounding system for Two-level factorials

Regression modeling: Hypothesis testing in Simple and Multiple regressionmodels Introduction to Practical components of Industrial and Clinical Trials Problems: Statistical Analysis Using Excel, SPSS, MINITAB®, DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS, R – Online Statistical Software’s to Industrial and Clinical trial approach