Pharmaceuticals Organic Chemistry I – B. Pharma 2nd Semester Notes Pdf

Scope: Pharmaceuticals Organic Chemistry 2nd Sem Notes deals with the classification and nomenclature of simple organic compounds, structural isomerism, intermediates forming in reactions, important physical properties, reactions, and methods of preparation of these compounds. The syllabus also emphasizes mechanisms and orientation of reactions.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to

1. Write the structure, name, and the type of isomerism of the organic compound

2. Write the reaction, name the reaction, and the orientation of the reactions

3. Account for the reactivity/stability of compounds,

4. Identify/confirm the identification of organic compound

Course Content:

General methods of preparation and reactions of compounds superscripted with asterisk (*) to be explained

To emphasize definition, types, classification, principles/mechanisms, applications, examples, and differences

Pharmaceuticals Organic Chemistry UNIT-I

Classification, nomenclature, and isomerism

Classification of Organic Compounds

Common and IUPAC systems of nomenclature of organic compounds (up to 10 Carbons open chain and carbocyclic compounds) Structural isomerisms in organic compounds

Pharmaceuticals Organic Chemistry UNIT-II

Alkanes*, Alkenes* and Conjugated dienes*

SP3 hybridization in alkanes, Halogenation of alkanes, and uses of paraffin. Stabilities of alkenes, SP2 hybridization in alkenes

E1 and E2 reactions – kinetics, order of reactivity of alkyl halides, rearrangement of carbocations, Saytzeffs orientation, and evidence.  E1 versus E2 reactions, Factors affecting E1 and E2 reactions.

Ozonolysis, electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes, Markownikoff’s orientation, free radical addition reactions of alkenes, Anti Markownikoff’s orientation.

Stability of conjugated dienes, Diel-Alder, electrophilic addition, free radical addition reactions of conjugated dienes, allylic rearrangement

Pharmaceuticals Organic Chemistry UNIT-III

Alkyl halides*

SN1 and SN2 reactions – kinetics, order of reactivity of alkyl halides, stereochemistry, and rearrangement of carbocations.

SN1 versus SN2 reactions, Factors affecting SN1 and SN2 reactions

Structure and uses of ethyl chloride, Chloroform, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, dichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, and iodoform.

Alcohols*- Qualitative tests, Structure, and uses of Ethyl alcohol, Methyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, Cetosteryl alcohol, Benzyl alcohol, Glycerol, Propylene glycol

Pharmaceuticals Organic Chemistry UNIT-IV

Carbonyl compounds* (Aldehydes and ketones)

Nucleophilic addition, Electromeric effect, aldol condensation, Crossed Aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Crossed Cannizzaro reaction, Benzoin condensation,  Perkin condensation, qualitative tests, Structure and uses of Formaldehyde, Paraldehyde, Acetone, Chloral hydrate, Hexamine, Benzaldehyde, Vanilin, Cinnamaldehyde.

Pharmaceuticals Organic Chemistry UNIT-V

Carboxylic acids*

The acidity of carboxylic acids, the effect of substituents on acidity, inductive effect, and qualitative tests for carboxylic acids, amide, and ester

Structure and Uses of Acetic acid, Lactic acid, Tartaric acid, Citric acid, Succinic acid. Oxalic acid, Salicylic acid, Benzoic acid, Benzyl benzoate, Dimethyl phthalate, Methyl salicylate, and Acetylsalicylic acid

Aliphatic amines* – Basicity, the effect of substituent on Basicity. Qualitative test, Structure, and uses of Ethanolamine, Ethylenediamine, Amphetamine

PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY -I (Practical)

1. Systematic qualitative analysis of unknown organic compounds like

2. Preliminary test: Color, odor, aliphatic/aromatic compounds, saturation, and unsaturation, etc.

3. Detection of elements like Nitrogen, Sulphur, and Halogen by Lassaigne’s test

4. Solubility test

5. Functional group tests like Phenols, Amides/Urea, Carbohydrates, Amines, Carboxylic acids, Aldehydes and Ketones, Alcohols, Esters, Aromatic and Halogenated Hydrocarbons, Nitro compounds, and Anilides.

6.  Melting
point/Boiling point of organic compounds

7. Identification of the unknown compound from the literature using melting point/boiling point.

8. Preparation of the derivatives and confirmation of the unknown compound by melting point/ boiling point.

9. Minimum 5 unknown organic compounds to be analyzed systematically.

10. Preparation of suitable solid derivatives from organic compounds

11. Construction of molecular models

Pharmaceuticals Organic Chemistry Recommended Books (Latest Editions)

1. Organic Chemistry by Morrison and Boyd

2. Organic Chemistry by I.L. Finar, Volume-I

3. Textbook of Organic Chemistry by B.S. Bahl & Arun Bahl.

4. Organic Chemistry by P.L.Soni

5. Practical Organic Chemistry by Mann and Saunders.

6. Vogel’s text book of Practical Organic Chemistry

7. Advanced Practical organic chemistry by N.K.Vishnoi.

8. Introduction to Organic Laboratory Techniques by Pavia, Lampman and Kriz.

9. Reaction and reaction mechanism by Ahluwaliah/Chatwal.