In the field of medical sciences, biochemistry and clinical pathology important questions play crucial roles in understanding the functioning of the human body and diagnosing diseases. This short note will provide an overview of biochemistry and clinical pathology, focusing on chapter-wise important questions that students often encounter during their studies. By addressing these questions, we aim to enhance your knowledge and facilitate a deeper understanding of these subjects.

Biochemistry and clinical pathology Chapter wise important questions

Chapter 1: Introduction to Biochemistry.

Long Essay 10 marks:

1. Define Biochemistry? Give the scope of biochemistry?

2. Define proteins with their properties and classify them with examples?

3. Define amino acids? Classify them based on the properties of side chain?

4. Explain the structure of protein?

5. Write briefly about denaturation, coagulation and precipitation of proteins?

6. Give the biological value of proteins & deficiency diseases of proteins?

7. Describe urea cycle with its significance?

8. Write about Protein metabolism?

Short Essay 04 marks:

1. Define biomolecules, macromolecules and micromolecules?

2. What are the different fields of biochemistry?

3. Write briefly about cell and its composition with their fuctions?

4. Define proteins with their composition?

5. Give the role of proteins?

6. Give example and structure of sulphur containing amino acids?

7. What is essential amino acid? Name the essential amino acids?

8. Give the physical and chemical properties of amino acids?

9. Define following

a) Kwashiorkar

b) Marasmus.

Biochemistry and clinical pathology Chapter wise important questions Chapter 2: Carbohydrates

Long Essay 10 marks.

1. Define carbohydrates with their composition?classify them with examples?

2. Explain isomerism with the types of isomerism with examples?

3. Explain the ring structure of glucose?

4. Give the chemical reaction of monosaccharides?

5. Write briefly about qualitative test for Carbohydrates with scheme of qualitative test?

6. Brief about the disease related to carbohydrate metabolism?

7. Describe glycolysis pathway?

8. Write briefly about citric acid cycle and its significance?

Short Essay 4 marks:

1. What are the biological importances of carbohydrates?

2. Define tautomerism with example?

3. Write briefly about disaccharides?

4. Write briefly about polysaccharides?

5. Define mucopolysaccharides? Name the different mucopolysaccharides?

6. Differentiate reducing and non-reducing sugar?

7. Explain the qualitative test which differentiate reducing and non-reducing sugar?

8. Define the following:

a) Diabetes mellitus

b) Hypoglycaemia

c) Isomerism

d) Glycosuria

e) Osazone formation.

f) Mutarotation.

Biochemistry and clinical pathology Chapter wise important questions Chapter 3: Lipids.

Long Essay 10 marks.

1. What are lipids? Classify them and write the biological importance of lipids?

2. What are fats? Write about the properties and characterisation of fats.

3. Write briefly about phospholipids, Glycolipids and lipoproteins?

4. Write about cholesterol synthesis?

5. Write in detail about the diseases related to lipid metabolism?

6. What is cholesterol? Describe the chemistry of cholesterols with their properties and qualitative tests

7. Write in detail about ketogenesis?

Short Essay 04 marks:

1. What are fatty acids? Classify them with examples.

2. Give the physical and chemical properties and uses of glycerol?

3. What are lipoproteins? Give the importance of lipoproteins?

4. What are essential fatty acids? What is the role of ESF in atherosclerosis?

5. Define following

a) Fatty liver

b) Gaucher’s disease

c) Ketosis

d) Atherosclerosis

6. Define rancidity? how it occurs.

7. Define saponification number, acid number and acetyl number iodine number?

8. What are waxes? Give their functions.

9. Give the biological importance of bile acids and ergosterol?

Biochemistry and clinical pathology Chapter wise important questions Chapter 4: Vitamins.

Long Essay 10 marks:

1. What are vitamins? Classify them. And give their biological importance

2. Explain the chemistry sources and physiological function of fat soluble vitamins?

3. Explain the deficiency diseases of various fat soluble vitamins?

4. Give the source chemistry physiological function and deficiency diseases of thiamine, niacin and riboflavin?

5. Give the source chemistry physiological function and deficiency diseases of vitamin C and cynacobalamin?

6. What are coenzymes with their functions? Classify them with examples.

7. Give the role of water in life process with its metabolism?

8. Write about minerals in our body and classify them with physiological functions of individual minerals?

Short Essay 4 marks:

1. Give biochemical functions of vitamin A and vitamin D.

2. Enumerate the role of following minerals in our body:

(a) Calcium

(b) Iodine

(d) Zinc

(e) Potassium.

3. Define

a) Rickets

(b) goiter

(d) scurvy?

4. Give the chemistry and functions of ascorbic acid?

5. Write in brief about vitamin B12?

6. Write the chemistry and deficiency disease of riboflavin?

7. Write the physiological action and deficiency disease of vitamin K?

8. Write the chemistry and source physiological action of Vitamin E?

9. Write in brief about acetyl COA?

Biochemistry and clinical pathology important questions Chapter 5: Enzymes.

Long Essay 10 marks:

1. Define enzymes with their properties and nomenclature? Classify them with examples?

2. Discuss briefly about the mechanism of action of enzymes?

3. Explain various factors influencing enzyme action?

4. Give the therapeutic medicinal and diagnostic application of enzyes?

Short Essay 4 marks:

1. What are proenzymes and isoenzymes?

2. Discuss the specificity of enzymes?

3. Write briefly about Michaelis curve?

4. What is energy of activation?

5. Discuss briefly about enzyme inhibition?

Biochemistry and clinical pathology Chapter wise important questions Chapter 6: Therapeutics

Long Essay 10 marks:

1. What are erythrocytes? Give the properties and diseases of erythrocytes in detail.

2. What are lymphocytes? Classify and them and give abnormalities of lymphocytes?

3. Write briefly about normal and abnormal constituent of urine?

4. Give the qualitative tests for abnormal constituents of urine?

Short Essay 4 marks:

1. Define blood with its composition and functions?

2. What is erythrocyte sedimentation rate? How it is determined?

3. What are leucocytes? Give the types and name the abnormalities of leucocytes?

4. Write about characteristic functions of T cells and B cells?

5. What are platelets? Give the properties and functions of platelets?

6. Write about glucose as abnormal constituent of urine?

7. Give the qualitative test for bile salts as abnormal constituent of urine?

8. Define the following:

(a) Haematuria

b) sickle cell anaemia

c) thalasemia

d)leukemia.

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