Roles of the Nurse
1. Coordinator
Coordinates and Plans Care
Piece together fragmented care
Prepares pt. for discharge
Liaison in health care team
2. Communicator
Establish rapport
Establish therapeutic (helping) relationship
Be aware of verbal & nonverbal communication
Assertive communicator
3. Teacher
Educate pt. to develop self-care abilities
Provide Knowledge to allow pt. to make informed decisions
Demonstrate needed skills
Promote health, prevent illness, restore health & facilitate coping
Teaching-Learner Process
Teaching-planned method to help someone learn
Learning – process by which an individual increases their knowledge or changes their behavior as a result of an experience
Learning Domains
Cognitive learning- acquiring new knowledge
Psychomotor learning- acquiring a new physical skill
Affective learning- acquiring /changing values, feelings or attitudes
Developmental Considerations
Children learn through play & experience
Adolescents learn through their peers
Take into account their motor development along with their intellectual development
Take into account their intellectual, developmental, maturity and psychosocial development
Developmental considerations (androgogy)
Adults – most must believe they need to learn before they are willing to learn
Adults – bring life experiences as resources for learning
Adults – believe learning should be useful immediately (rather than in the future). They Want relevance!
Adults – internally motivated and capable of self-regulation
Developmental Considerations (older adults)
Assess for perceptual impairments
– Visual
– Auditory
– Memory
– Longer reaction times
– Generational learning differences
Learning Styles
Visual
Auditory
Tactile
Combination
Concrete Versus Abstract
Active Versus Reflective
Right Versus Left Brain
Multiple Intelligences – Verbal, Logical, Visual, Body, Musical, Inter or Intrapersonal
Principles of teaching-learning
Communication is important
Thorough assessment of pt. learning needs and factors affecting their learning
Include pt. in planning
Use varied teaching strategies
Utilize patient’s previous life experiences
Utilize nursing process
Barriers to Learning
Language
Cognitive level
Lack of interest
Cultural differences
Literacy
Health
Stress
Utilizing Nursing Process
Assessment:
Readiness to learn
Ability to learn
Learning strengths
What do they know already???
Do they WANT to LEARN?
Analysis:
Knowledge deficit
Planning:
Who, what, when, where & how. Determine whether cognitive, psychomotor, or affective goal. Write with an “action verb”
Get Client Commitment
Implementation:
Include written, visual and tactile materials
Select strategy and methods: Content – Sequence – Timing Demonstration?Discussion?Role Play
Evaluation:
Has pt. Learned/goal met? Return Demo
4. Counselor
Assist and guide pt. in solving problems or making decisions
Utilize the interpersonal (helping) relationship
Nurse doesn’t tell pt how to solve the problem Guides pt to decisions (self-determination)
Utilize the nursing process
“Could you just listen”
Manager
Plans
Organizes
Directs
Controls
Delegates
Management Process
Planning-Identify needs, dev. goals
Organizing – Identify resources to meet goals
Directing – leading others in reaching goals
Control – monitoring ongoing evaluations
Delegates
5. Delegation
The five rights of delegation –
– Right task
– Right person
– Right circumstances
– Right communication
– Right feedback
Nurse who delegates maintains accountability
Only the task is delegated NOT the accountability
Who can you delegate tasks to?
6. Managers and Leaders
Managers
Administrators
Relies on control
Short term plans
Eye on bottom line
Leaders
Innovators
Inspires trust
Long term plans
Eye on the horizon
Does the right thing
Have visions to energize others
Motivates others to achieve goals
Encourages others to do their best
Works collaboratively
Have wider variety of roles then managers
Leadership Skills
Cognitive Knowledgable
Interpersonal Genuine Inspires trust
Ethical/legal Integrity always
Communication Open
Problem solving Critical thinker; Out of the box Flexible
Management eOrganized
Self-evaluation Reflects, adapts, changs
Characteristics of Great Leaders
Intelligence-knowledge, judgment & decisiveness
Personality- confidence, creativity, adaptability, integrity & independent
Abilities – enlist cooperation, diplomacy, social participation & interpersonal skills
A great leader cannot be appointed!
Leadership Styles
Autocratic – leader has complete control of group
Democratic – shared leadership between leader and group
Laissez-Faire- leader gives group control
Transformational – charismatic leader creates change by empowering group
Situational – leader changes style to fit situation
7. Team Player
Nurses are part of a team
Don’t work in isolation
Who are the other team members?
What does being a team player mean?
8. Motivator
Motivation – Internal impulse that allows one to take action or change behaviors.
Nurses motivate patients to make changes by: having a positive attitude, listening to patient needs, encouraging, rewarding, and devoting time and energy to assist with changes.
Critical Thinker
A way of looking at problems other than the obvious
“ Thinking outside the box”
Looking at the big picture
Question why something is being done
Ask, “what if…..”
Open to new ideas
Innovator
Takes action to make things happen
Initiates change
Sees a problem and looks for solutions. Instead of, “Oh well, there’s nothing that can be done about it” the innovator will be proactive.
9. Researcher
Collect data to improve nursing practice
Provides info for evidenced-based practice
Studies are done on nursing practice, education & administration
Provides professionalism to nursing
10. Advocate
Protect and support the pt.
Patient representative for ALL pt.
Assertiveness
Promote self determination