Drug Distribution System in Hospitals
Hospitals make use of drugs and therapeutic substances in
in-patient and out-patient departments. They are of such a variety that the
patients mostly fail to understand them.
Hospitals have two
types of drug distribution system.
1) Distribution of drugs to indoor patients (Patients in
wards, operation theatres, X-ray, and other specified departments)
2) Distribution of drugs to outdoor patients (Patients not
admitted and not occupying bed)
Out-patient
Services:-
This type of patients is not admitted in hospital and is
given general or emergency treatment which could be diagnosis, therapeutic, or
preventive.
An out-patient department keeps a check on patients who not
to be admitted and require only diagnostic and therapeutic services.
There are three types
of out-patients:-
1) General
out-patient: such a patient is given treatment for a general condition or
emergency condition but not referred case.
E.g. Diahorrea, Hypertension, Diabetes, Fever etc.
2) Referred Out-patient:
In this type patient is referred to out-patient department by the attending
medical/dental practitioner for specific treatment, and the patients for
further treatment returns to the practitioner.
3) Emergency
out-patient: In this type patient is given emergency or accident care for
conditions (Determined clinically or considered by the patient or his
representative) demanding instant medical attention.
In-patient
services:-
The patient which is admitted in hospital receiving general
or specific treatment is called In-patient.
Types of services
provided to In-patients.
1) Individual prescription order system
2) Complete floor stock system
3) Combination of individual drug order and floor stock
system
4) Unit dose dispensing system
5) Bed size pharmacy
(Note: – According to Syllabus Only Unit dose dispensing
system, Bed size pharmacy, floor stock system notes are Available)
Unit dose
dispensing system:-
It is the system which consist of depending unit dosage to
patient containing an amount of drug.
These unit dosage are either stored or distributed from many
pharmacy department unit dose are prepare as per requirement it is useful to
In-patients and out-patient.
Type of unit dosage
form:-
They are mainly two types.
1) Centralized unit
dose dispensing system:-
The unit dose are dispensing from pharmacy department.
2) Decentralize unit
dose dispensing system:-
The unit dose dispensing system are dispensing from nursing
station.
Advantage of unit
dose dispensing system:-
• Patient should
be pay the cost of medicine.
• Purchasing cost
and budget of hospital.
• Paper work is
less at narsing unit as well as the pharmacy.
Disadvantage of unit
dose dispensing system:-
• Man power is
required for prepackaging.
• Separate
container machinery and also space is required.
• Unit deepening
should be handle by skilled person.
Floor ward
stock system:-
Floor ward stock system is seen in private hospitals. In
this system the drugs are stored in the pharmacy Store, supplied to the wards
when ordered and are supervised by a registered nurse at the nursing station.
Type of drugs:-
1) Charge Drugs:-
The charge floor stock medicine are given to the patient
cost of medicine is directly added to the patient account.
The selected are list of charge floor stock drug and
requirement.
2) Non-Charge drugs:-
The medication are stock on nursing department at all-time
but they are not directly charge to account of patients.
Advantage of floor
stock system:-
• Waiting period
is less
• Medication can
be receive immediately
• Emergency
medications are easily available.
• Number of
Pharmacist required for dispensing.
Disadvantage of floor
stock system:-
• Medication error
are not minimised.
• It increases the
word load of nursing.
• Review of
preparation by Pharmacist is not possible.
Central
Sterile Service:-
The central supply department (CSD) in a hospital provides
the essential professional supplies and equipment (Drapes, syringes, tubing,
intervenous etc.)
The central supply department (CSD) and procurement,
Storage, distribution and manufacturing of various sterile solutions within
should be managed by the pharmacist.
Central supply
department (CSD) has the following objectives.
1) Maintains operation theatres supply.
2) Cleans and sterilizes all hospital supplies.
3) Makes an accurate inventory of all hospital supplies and
equipment.
4) Contributes to education programmers.
5) Develops a cost-effective programmer by cost analysis of
personnel, supplies and equipment.
Location of the
Central Sterile Supply Room (CSSR):
• It should be
located near the operation theatres.
• The department
should have been capacity to expend itself growth in future.
• It should be
located near the pharmacy department.
Bed Side
Pharmacy:-
• The drug
distribution system is hospital in which drugs are keep near the bed of the
patient so the patient taken the medicine himself.
• The pharmacist
to activity going on around the patient and public health.
Medication of bed
side: –
• Medication are very important to life saving
drug may be kept at the bed side if so order by physician not more than one
strip shall be life to the patient.
Role of Pharmacist at
bed side pharmacy:-
• He shall reduce
such the problem by briefly the patient about disease.
• The pharmacist
of bed side pharmacy role is treatment and taken the medicine easily available.
• He guides to
nursing staff and handling to saft the use of medicine.
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